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File encryption and decryption with ccrypt

Encrypting and decrypting files with the ccrypt package is easy to do and provides excellent security.
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TransTech Social and Linux Foundation Training & Certification Partner to Award Technology Training Scholarships

We’re proud to announce that we are partnering with TransTech Social Enterprises, an incubator for LGBTQ talent with a focus on economically empowering the T, transgender people, to provide scholarships to promising individuals to help them get started working with open source software. 

TransTech will award 50 scholarships per quarter to deserving individuals, with Linux Foundation Training & Certification providing each of these recipients with a voucher to register for any Linux Foundation eLearning course and certification exam at no charge, such as the Linux Foundation Certified IT Associate, Certified Kubernetes Administrator, Open.js Node.js Certified Application Developer, and more. 

Linux Foundation Training & Certification offers dozens of training courses and certification exams around open source technologies that serve as the infrastructure for the modern world. From Linux which powers all the world’s supercomputers and the vast majority of mobile phones and the internet itself, to Node.js which is one of the most popular frameworks for developing web applications, to Kubernetes which has become essential to anyone working with cloud systems, learning these technologies can open countless doors to lucrative career opportunities.

“We know how difficult it can be to get started in the technology field, especially coming from an underrepresented community where you don’t see many people like you front and center in technology roles,” said Linux Foundation SVP & GM of Training & Certification Clyde Seepersad. “We are excited to work with TransTech to lower the barrier to entry and help hundreds of individuals this year figure out where to start. We look forward to seeing where the scholarship recipients take their open source careers, and hope they will inspire more members of the LGBTQ community to consider entering the tech sector.”

About TransTech: At TransTech, we’ve created a space for trans people to come together, work together, laugh together, go to lunch together. There’s strength in numbers. They’re building networks, and down the line they’ll think of each other when it comes to jobs.

Those interested in applying for a TransTech/Linux Foundation scholarship can do so here.

The post TransTech Social and Linux Foundation Training & Certification Partner to Award Technology Training Scholarships appeared first on Linux Foundation – Training.

Managing secrets for Kubernetes pods

What’s the secret to managing confidential data in Kubernetes pods?
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How do you handle system maintenance during a crisis?

How do you handle system maintenance during a crisis?

Image

Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

You know it’s going to happen so you need to be prepared. How do you do it?

Read the full article on redhat.com

Back in the mid-1990s, a particular vendor’s training classes that I was taking always began the same way: “It’s not IF a failure is going to happen, it’s WHEN.” It’s annoying to have someone repeat this mantra, no matter how true it is, at the beginning of every class. It develops an unhealthy paranoia about hardware, software, and careless sysadmins. It also helps sell more classes but that’s another story.

Posted:
June 16, 2021

|

by
Ken Hess (Red Hat)

Topics:  
Linux  
Linux Administration  
Poll  
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Build and Deploy Hyperledger Fabric on Azure Cloud Platform- Part 2

By Matt Zand and Abhik Banerjee

Recap

The first part of our article series discussed the Azure cloud platform offering for blockchain development, as well as differences between Azure marketplace template and manual configuration. We also took our first step toward building Hyperledger Fabric blockchain applications on Azure by deploying Orderer and Peer organizations. We continue our journey by covering how to set up the development environment, configure Orderer and Peer, and setting pods and volume mounts for our Fabric application in this article. 

In this next article, we cover the following:

Create a Channel
Adding Peer to Network, Channel and Nodes
Deploying and Operating Chaincode

It should be noted that while this article is intended to be beginner friendly, it would be helpful to have prior familiarity with Azure, Kubernetes APIs, and Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). Also, a good knowledge of Hyperledger Fabric and its components is required to follow steps discussed in this article. The topics and steps covered in this article are very useful for those interested in doing blockchain consulting and development

4- Setting Up the Development Environment

In this section we will see how a development environment can be set up for Node related activities. We will be using Azure Shell (Bash) for this task. Before we install Hyperledger Fabric, we need to make sure that it has the prerequisites in place. This includes the programming language of the chaincode, Docker, and JQ. Azure Shell should have Docker installed already so we can just install Go (our preferred language here) and JQ. Be sure to set the GOPATH, PATH and GOROOT env variables otherwise Go won’t function properly. Follow the commands below if you are unsure.

wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.17.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/go1.12.17.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf /tmp/go1.12.17.linux-amd64.tar.gz
export PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOPATH=$PWD

The first two commands will install Go in /usr/local directory and the path to it will be set in the third. GOROOT and GOPATH are essential to compile Go Programs and set in consecutive lines. While on a local PC you might put it in ~/.bashrc file, Azure Shell provides ephemeral storage so it will be gone after some time. There’s a way to make this permanent by using Docker containers as we will see in this section. In the next steps we install Hyperledger Fabric by downloading the Hyperledger binaries from its GitHub Repo and place it in /usr/local.

mkdir /usr/local/hyperledger
cd /usr/local/hyperledger
curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hyperledger/fabric/master/scripts/bootstrap.sh | sudo bash -s — 1.4.4 1.4.4 0.4.18 -d -s
export PATH=/usr/local/hyperledger/bin:$PATH

As a last step we set the PATH env variable to point also to the /usr/local/hyperledger directory so we can easily invoke commands without always setting a path to the binary of that command. Before we proceed, it might be wise to create a Docker image. This would be really helpful for developing without always having to start from ground zero when you are developing inside the Orderer and Peer Clusters (you might want to refer to 5.1 and 5.2 to understand why we are also including extra files for config of Orderer and Peer organization). We encourage you to create a Dockerfile and then an image. You can publish this image to dockerhub (or Azure Container Registry if you are an expert in Azure) and use it in our upcoming sections.

5- Setting Up Configurations for Orderer and Peer

In this section we will be setting up the configuration for development on the cluster pods. You might think at this point “why would we require development on the pods when we already have deployed the cluster with required information?” The thing is these clusters of Orderers and Peer Organization are not connected as we mentioned in the previous section. Furthermore, we may require to deploy specific chaincode on Peer as we will see in the upcoming sections on chaincode management. For these reasons, it is helpful to have a dev env inside the cluster.

Orderer Setup

Next step to take at this point is to have our custom setup for Orderer. This setup has been derived from the sample setup available from the Hyperledger Fabric Test Network. It helps us to avoid writing out a YAML config for the Orderer from scratch. It will also be helpful for our development environment. It may be noted here that the configuration that we are going to use here serves our purpose for a demo. If you want a production environment, please use a different and more refined configuration as per your needs. The Orderer Config file used for this deployment has been provided in the code section associated with the book filename Orderer.yaml at the hosted link.

Peer Setup

To set up the Peer, the core.yaml file provided with the book’s hosted code can be used. The configuration file contains the configuration needed to make sure the Orderer can locate and communicate with the node cluster associated with Org01. You may notice that this YAML file contains sections for Peer, Chaincode, and Ledger among other sections. These are used for defining properties of the Peer, chaincode and the type of database that will be used as the ledger respectively. At the time of writing the third section supports “goleveldb” and “CouchDB” options.

You can copy the configtx.yaml, Orderer.yaml and core.yaml files to the Azure Shell by uploading them to the directory of your choice in the shell. This will be a step you might want to remember since this location will be used in the next section.

Creating a Docker Image for Dev Pods

Before we proceed further, it would be beneficial to create a Docker image out of the instructions we have executed thus far. This Docker image could be used to spin up pods which would provide an easy development environment with Hyperledger Fabric Binaries already included. As we will see in the next section, we shall use this image as the base image for volume mount related configs.

The Dockerfile provided with the hosted code section will help you create an image. The image will be based on Ubuntu 18.04 since that is the latest version HF supports at this time. Up to line number 22, the steps should seem familiar as we install Go, JQ, Hyperledger Fabric (from the repo) and set the respective paths. At lines 24 and 25, we copy our custom config and then in the last line we set the value of env variable FABRIC_CFG_PATH to /etc/hyperledger/fabric (the directory we copy the files to). Publish this image to Dockerhub.

6- Setting Up Pods and Volume Mounts for Development

Before we go and create a channel and make the Orderer and Peer organization join up, we need to finish up one final detail – creating proper volume mounts for our development pods. In the previous steps we have created a base image which the pods will be made from. Now to let the pods actually communicate with the cluster we need it to access the secret volumes which store the security keys in the respective clusters. This can be easily done by introducing a YAML file for each of the cluster types.

The table below tells of the secret mounting volumes we need the pods to know of and use. It may be noted here that these volumes would be separate for Peer and Orderer clusters and so will contain different values and are automatically created when the clusters were created on AKS. However, we only need to have these mounted onto the pod.

Secret
Mount

hlf-admin-idcert
/var/hyperledger/admin/msp/admincerts

/var/hyperledger/admin/msp/signcerts

hlf-ca-idcert
/var/hyperledger/admin/msp/cacerts

hlf-admin-idkey
/var/hyperledger/admin/msp/keystore

hlf-tlsca-idcert
/var/hyperledger/admin/msp/tlscacerts

hlf-admin-tls-idkey
/var/hyperledger/admin/tls

hlf-admin-tls-idcert
/var/hyperledger/admin/tls

You may use the dev_pod.yaml for this purpose. Please note that this YAML file is mostly the same for Orderer and Peer pods in respective clusters. It sets the volume mounts and environment variables required by the pod for proper development. The YAML sets required env variables for adding new nodes into a channel among others.

The file also needs some modification at your end. The lines 33 and 76 through 79 have been commented out. The former is where you need to place the name of your image that you built in the previous section while the latter section contains pod type specific details like name of the organization and the URL of the cluster.

The pods can be created by the following steps:

az aks get-credentials –resource-group <Resource Group Name> –name <Cluster Name> –subscription <Azure Subscription ID>

kubectl -n hlf-admin apply -f ./dev_pod.yaml

The first command when executed in the Azure Shell tells the kubectl to point towards the cluster specified by it. In the next step we provide the YAML in the hlf-admin namespace in that cluster. The first command would contain Orderer and Peer specific values for Resource Group and Cluster names (here these are RG-HLF-AzureOrd & RG-HLF-AzureOrg for resource groups and OrdererOrg and Org01 respectively). Once the pods are provisioned, you can access them by:

kubectl exec -n hlf-admin -it devenv /bin/bash

This will give you the bash shell inside the development pod of the cluster to which kubectl is currently pointing to.

Summary

We finished the second part of our article series where we covered how to set up the development environment, configure the Orderer and Peer, and setting pods and volume mounts for our Fabric application. 

In our next and final article in this series, we will build on top of what we finished in this article. Specifically, we will create a channel, add a Peer to network, channel and nodes. At the last and final step, we will show you how to deploy and operate Fabric chaincode on Azure. 

Resources

Free Training Courses from The Linux Foundation & Hyperledger

Blockchain: Understanding Its Uses and Implications (LFS170)
Introduction to Hyperledger Blockchain Technologies (LFS171)
Introduction to Hyperledger Sovereign Identity Blockchain Solutions: Indy, Aries & Ursa (LFS172)
Becoming a Hyperledger Aries Developer (LFS173)
Hyperledger Sawtooth for Application Developers (LFS174)

eLearning Courses from The Linux Foundation & Hyperledger

Hyperledger Fabric Administration (LFS272)
Hyperledger Fabric for Developers (LFD272)

Certification Exams from The Linux Foundation & Hyperledger

Certified Hyperledger Fabric Administrator (CHFA)
Certified Hyperledger Fabric Developer (CHFD)

Review of Five popular Hyperledger DLTs- Fabric, Besu, Sawtooth, Iroha and Indy
Review of three Hyperledger Tools- Caliper, Cello and Avalon
Review of Four Hyperledger Libraries- Aries, Quilt, Ursa, and Transact
Hands-On Smart Contract Development with Hyperledger Fabric V2 Book by Matt Zand and others.
Essential Hyperledger Sawtooth Features for Enterprise Blockchain Developers
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Fabric on AWS
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install and work with Hyperledger Sawtooth
Intro to Blockchain Cybersecurity (Coding Bootcamps)
Intro to Hyperledger Sawtooth for System Admins (Coding Bootcamps)
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Iroha on AWS
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Indy and Indy CLI on AWS
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Configure Hyperledger Sawtooth Validator and REST API on AWS
Intro blockchain development with Hyperledger Fabric (Coding Bootcamps)
How to build DApps with Hyperledger Fabric
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Build Transaction Processor as a Service and Python Egg for Hyperledger Sawtooth
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Create Cryptocurrency Using Hyperledger Iroha CLI
Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Explore Hyperledger Indy Command Line Interface
Blockchain Developer Guide- Comprehensive Blockchain Hyperledger Developer Guide from Beginner to Advance Level
Blockchain Management in Hyperledger for System Admins
Hyperledger Fabric for Developers (Coding Bootcamps)
Free White Papers from Hyperledger
Free Webinars from Hyperledger
Hyperledger Wiki

About the Authors

Matt Zand is a serial entrepreneur and the founder of 4 tech startups: DC Web Makers, Hash Flow, Coding Bootcamps and High School Technology Services. He is a leading author of Hands-on Smart Contract Development with Hyperledger Fabric book by O’Reilly Media. He has written more than 100 technical articles and tutorials on blockchain development for Hyperledger, Ethereum and Corda R3 platforms at sites such as IBM, SAP, Alibaba Cloud, Hyperledger, The Linux Foundation, and more. At Hash Flow, he leads a team of blockchain experts for consulting and deploying enterprise decentralized applications. As chief architect, he has designed and developed blockchain courses and training programs for Coding Bootcamps. He has a master’s degree in business management from the University of Maryland. Prior to blockchain development and consulting, he worked as senior web and mobile App developer and consultant, investor, business advisor for a few startup companies. You can connect with him on LI: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matt-zand-64047871

Abhik Banerjee is a researcher, an avid reader and also an anime fan. In his free time you can find him reading whitepapers and building hobby projects ranging from DLT to Cloud Infra. He has multiple publications in International Conferences and Book Titles along with a couple of patents in Blockchain. His interests include Blockchain, Quantum Information Processing and Bioinformatics. You can connect with him on LI:  https://in.linkedin.com/in/abhik-banerjee-591081164

The post Build and Deploy Hyperledger Fabric on Azure Cloud Platform- Part 2 appeared first on Linux Foundation – Training.

The Zephyr Project Celebrates 5th Anniversary with new members and inaugural Zephyr Developer Summit on June 8-10

AVSystem, Golioth, Pat-Eta Electronics, RISC-V International and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden joins Zephyr’s global open source RTOS ecosystem

SAN FRANCISCO, June 3, 2021 The Zephyr Project,an open source project at the Linux Foundation that builds a safe, secure and flexible real-time operating system (RTOS) for resource-constrained devices, continues to gain momentum with its 5th anniversary this year. To celebrate the milestone, the Zephyr Project is hosting its inaugural Zephyr Developer Summit on June 8-10. The virtual event, which is free to attend, features several Zephyr leaders presenting real-world use cases, best practices, tutorials and more.

Happy 5th Anniversary

Launched in 2016 by the Linux Foundation, the Zephyr Project has continued to grow its technical community each year. Today, almost 1,000 contributors have helped the project surpass 50,000 commits building advanced support for multiple architectures such as ARC, Arm, Intel, Nios, RISC-V, SPARC and Tensilica and more than 250 boards.

The first-ever Zephyr Developer Summit will offer community members a chance to learn more about the fastest growing RTOS in an informal educational environment.

“We are kicking off our first Developer Summit with an impressive line-up of Zephyr thought leaders and ambassadors for the growing Zephyr community of contributors and users.” said Joel Stapleton, Chair of the Zephyr Project Governing Board and Principal Engineer Manager at Nordic Semiconductor. “The strength of engagement the project has with its members and IoT solution providers reflects the importance of open source efforts to build secure and safe embedded technologies for increasingly connected applications in industrial, smart home, wearables and energy; and for computing platforms integrating microcontrollers with ever-increasing capabilities and functions.”

Sample summit sessions include power management, USB support, motor control; user presentations that showcase Zephyr with Renode and TensorFlow Lite and  RISC-V and contributor spotlights for securing MCUBoot, using OPC UA, energy-efficient device testing and developing hardware. Proposals were reviewed by the Programming Committee, which includes Anas Nashif, Intel; Carles Cufi, Nordic Semiconductor; Jonathan Beri, Golioth; Keith Short, Google; Maureen Helm, NXP; and Olof Johansson, Facebook. To see the complete schedule, click here. The registration deadline is June 4, click here to register.

The U.S. Executive Order on Cybersecurity

Less than a month ago, the United States White House released an Executive Order on Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity that addressed the malicious cyber attacks that have become more frequent in the last few years. In a blog, the Linux Foundation responded how Zephyr RTOS, along with several other projects, has already built some of the support needed for a more secure future. Zephyr is able to generate Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) automatically during the build and this capability will be available in the upcoming 2.6 release. It is one of the few open source projects that is a CVE Numbering Authority(CNA) and has an active Project Security Incident Response Team(PSIRT) that manages responsible disclosure of vulnerabilities to product makers. 

Product creators using zephyr can sign up for free to be notified of vulnerabilities.  

“SBOMs can communicate details about a software package’s contents, being able to understand exactly which source files are included in a resource constrained software image is key to understanding if it may be vulnerable to an exploit,” said Kate Stewart, Vice President of Dependable Embedded Systems at the Linux Foundation. “SBOMs created by manual processes can often be incomplete, incorrect or out-of-date as a software package advances. By being able to generate the SBOM during the build, and take it to the source file level, not just the component level, better diagnosis and detection of vulnerable states is possible and addresses some of the best practices  mentioned in the EO. Zephyr is being used today in thousands of wearables and other products with constrained environments. By automatically creating SBOMs during builds, the development process becomes easier, more efficient and improves maintainability in field.”

Zephyr’s Growing Ecosystem

Today, the Zephyr Project also welcomes AVSystem, Golioth, Pat-Eta Electronics, RISC-V and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden to its global RTOS ecosystem. These new members join Adafruit, Antmicro, BayLibre, Eclipse Foundation, Facebook, Fiware, Foundries.io, Google, Intel, Laird Connectivity, Linaro, Memfault, Nordic Semiconductor, NXP, Oticon, Parasoft, SiFive, Synopsys and teenage engineering, among others.

“We see amazing opportunities for IoT deployments involving resource-constrained devices operating in cellular LPWA networks,” said Marcin Nagy, Product Director for IoT, AVSystem. “We are sure that combining the Zephyr RTOS with our expertise in the Lightweight M2M standard will contribute to the acceleration of secure and standards-based IoT launches.”

“We can speak at length about the technical merits of Zephyr – the kernel design, native networking, scalable board support model and so on – but the largest differentiator is the community,” says Jonathan Beri, CEO of Golioth. “From chipset vendors to ecosystem players, it feels like we’re rising the tide for everyone to make the most secure & reliable open source RTOS in the market and we couldn’t be more excited to contribute to the project and community.”

“We are happy to be part of the Zephyr Project and hope to bring it more into the academic environment, especially within STEM (Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics),” said Sanyaade Adekoya, Developer, Programmer and Lecturer at Pat-Eta Electronics. “It has been challenging to bring RTOSes within the academic research sector and getting them in the hands of undergraduate learners. Our research extends the use of Zephyr RTOS in IoT, Edge Computing, Robotics, Smart and Wearable devices. The Zephyr Project will be a driving platform for our students that will make it easier for them to create ideas, projects, innovations and more. We look forward to showcasing our students’ Zephyr-related projects. ”

“RISC-V and Zephyr were both designed to drive innovation in the hardware space with open source technologies that are accessible to everyone,” said Mark Himelstein, CTO of RISC-V. “Many of our members are already taking advantage of the flexibility of RISC-V and Zephyr to design end-to-end open source solutions for resource-constrained devices. We look forward to collaborating with the Zephyr Project to offer even more opportunities for the open source community to innovate.”

“Zephyr RTOS enables us to rapidly prototype Thread wireless networks and is an excellent research platform for our work in IoT security,” said Samuel Lindemer, Research Engineer at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. “The interactive shell and configuration menu make it intuitive for new users, and the open-source community support is unparalleled.”

To learn more about Zephyr RTOS, visit the Zephyr website and blog.

About the Zephyr Project

The Zephyr Project is a small, scalable real-time operating system for use on resource-constrained systems supporting multiple architectures. To learn more, please visit www.zephyrproject.org.

About the Linux Foundation

Founded in 2000, the Linux Foundation is supported by more than 1,000 members and is the world’s leading home for collaboration on open source software, open standards, open data, and open hardware. Linux Foundation’s projects are critical to the world’s infrastructure including Linux, Kubernetes, Node.js, and more.  The Linux Foundation’s methodology focuses on leveraging best practices and addressing the needs of contributors, users and solution providers to create sustainable models for open collaboration. For more information, please visit us at linuxfoundation.org.

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The post The Zephyr Project Celebrates 5th Anniversary with new members and inaugural Zephyr Developer Summit on June 8-10 appeared first on Linux Foundation.

Interview with Daniel Scales, Chief Brand Counsel, Linux Foundation

Jason Perlow, Director of Project Insights and Editorial Content at the Linux Foundation, spoke with Daniel Scales about the importance of protecting trademarks in open source projects.

JP: It’s great to have you here today, and also, welcome to the Linux Foundation. First, can you tell me a bit about yourself, where you are from, and your interests outside work?

DS: Thanks, Jason! It is great to be here. I grew up in Upstate New York, lived in Washington and London for a few years after college, and have been in Boston for the last 20+ years. Outside of work, I coach my daughter’s soccer team, I like to cook and play my bass guitar, and I am really looking forward to getting back to some live music and sporting events. 

JP: And from what organization are you joining us?

DS: I have been with the Boston law firm Choate, Hall & Stewart since 2011. In addition to advising The Linux Foundation and other clients on trademark matters, I helped clients with open source license questions, technology licenses, and IP-focused transactions.  Before Choate, I worked as IP Counsel at Avid Technology, where I managed their trademark portfolio through a global rebranding and supported the engineering team on technology licenses. 

JP: So, how did you get into Intellectual Property law?

DS: Great question.  I studied economics in college and took a fantastic senior seminar on the economics of intellectual property.  After graduation, I worked in the economics consulting group at Ernst & Young.  A big part of my job there was determining the value of a company’s intangible property, which in many cases were its brands. I went to law school intending to study trademarks and the new field of “internet law” (this term probably dates me) and started my legal career at Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, which had a cutting-edge trademark and open source group.

JP: We typically think of IP and Trademark law as it applies to consumer products and commercial entities. What is the difference between those and when open source projects and organizations use brands?

DS:  On one level, there really isn’t a difference.  A trademark signifies the unique source of a good or service. Trademarks help consumers, developers, and users distinguish various offerings, and they communicate the specific source and quality of those offerings.  Software developers and users need to understand what code they have and where it came from. Trademarks help communicate that information.  Of course, the specific issues that every brand and brand owner faces and how they address them are different, but many of the core principles are the same.

JP: What are some of the trademark issues you’ve seen come up in open source communities?

DS: While it happens in every industry, I see many “helpful” people apply to register projects’ trademarks when they are not the rightful owner.  Sometimes they have good intentions, sometimes not, but it can be a lot of work to sort it out either way.  I’ve also had the opportunity to work with many different people and companies on project branding. It is amazing how many different philosophies there are regarding branding, even within the software industry.  Much of what we do is to bring these folks together to determine the best approach for the specific project.  I also spend a lot of time debating the scope of trademark rights with opposing counsel, but that isn’t really unique to open source:  one lawyer tried to convince me that his client had the exclusive right to use a picture of a hop flower on a beer label. 

Other common issues are helping companies register a mark for their company or product and then used the same mark for an open source project. The neutrality of those situations is imbalanced, and the Linux Foundation has worked with organizations making this transition. Sometimes it involves rebranding the open source project, and we assist in finding and clearing a new name for the community to use independent of the company that started it.

JP: Why is the Linux Foundation a good place for open source projects to protect their brands?

DS: We have worked with many open source projects on their trademarks, and we learn something with every new experience.  We can help them name the project at the beginning, take steps to protect their trademarks across the globe, and show them how trademarks can be a tool to build their communities and increase participation and adoption.  We also recognize the importance of our neutral position in the industries we serve and how that is fundamental to open governance.

Also Read: Open Source Communities and Trademarks: A Reprise

JP: Trademark conformance can also protect a project from technical drift. How can a trademark conformance program be used to encourage conformance with a project’s code base or interfaces? 

DS: Great point. As in most areas of trademarks, clarity and consistency are key. Trademarks used in a conformance program can be a great tool to communicate quickly and accurately to the target community.  Projects can develop specific and transparent criteria so that users understand exactly what the conformance trademark symbolizes.  This can be much more effective and efficient for projects and users alike than everyone deciding for themselves what a term like “compatible” might mean.  

Also Read: Driving Compatibility with Code and Specifications through Conformance Trademark Programs

JP: Do projects at the Linux Foundation give up all control of their trademark? How do you decide what enforcement to pursue or not pursue?

DS: On the contrary — we work very closely with project leadership throughout the lifecycle of their trademarks.  This includes trademark enforcement.  Typically, the first step is to figure out whether the situation requires enforcement (in the traditional legal sense) or if it is simply a matter of educating another party.  More often than not, we can reach out to the other party, discuss our project and our trademarks, discuss our concerns, and work out a solution that works for everyone and strengthens our brands.  But like any brand owner, we do sometimes have to take other action to protect our projects’ trademarks, and we work closely with our projects in those situations, too.

JP: Thanks, Daniel. It’s been great talking to you today!

The post Interview with Daniel Scales, Chief Brand Counsel, Linux Foundation appeared first on Linux Foundation.

Learn more about your Linux system with inxi

Gather a variety of system and non-system information with a single Linux command: inxi
Read More at Enable Sysadmin

6 ways to increase your Linux sysadmin earning profile and potential

If you need a career or salary boost, here are some great tips to put you on the right track.
Read More at Enable Sysadmin

Linux Foundation Kubernetes Certifications Now Include Exam Simulator

 New tool will enable those registered for a certification exam to experience the test environment before sitting for their exam

 SAN FRANCISCO, June 2, 2021The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, and the Cloud Native Computing Foundation® (CNCF®), which builds sustainable ecosystems for cloud native software, have announced that their three Kubernetes certification exams will now include access to an exam simulator, enabling those registered for an exam to experience the exam environment before actually sitting for the exam. 

Those registered for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA), Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD), and Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) exams will have access to two attempts, provided by Killer.sh. Each attempt grants 36 hours of access starting from the time of activation. The exam simulations include 20-25 questions similar to the ones candidates can expect to encounter on the real exam. 

The questions presented in the simulator are the same for every attempt and every user, unlike those found on the actual exams, but are graded to give candidates an idea of how they are performing. The expectation is this offering will help candidates become comfortable and familiar with the environment in which they will sit for their certification.

“We have heard from the community that it can be stressful to jump into a certification exam without knowing exactly what to expect, especially one that is performance-based and simulates real world environments and problems,” said Chris Anisczcyk, CTO of CNCF. “Providing this exam simulator will ensure candidates know what to expect going into their exam, helping to ensure they are being tested on their skills without an environmental learning curve.”

Anyone who registers for CKA, CKAD, or CKS beginning today will have immediate access to the simulator. Individuals who have an existing, non-expired registration for one of these exams who have not yet sat for both of their two exam attempts will receive access on a rolling basis – beginning with those who have the earliest registration expiration dates – as follows:

June 02, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 1 month of June 2, 2021
June 08, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 2 months of June 02, 2021
June 15, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 3 months of June 02, 2021
June 22, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 4 months of June 02, 2021
June 29, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 5 months of June 02, 2021
July 06, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 6 months of June 02, 2021
July 13, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 7 months of June 02, 2021
July 20, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 8 months of June 02, 2021
July 27, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 9 months of June 02, 2021
Aug 03, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 10 months of June 02, 2021
Aug 10, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 11 months of June 02, 2021
Aug 17, 2021 – All open eligibilities expiring within 12 months of June 02, 2021

About Cloud Native Computing Foundation

Cloud native computing empowers organizations to build and run scalable applications with an open source software stack in public, private, and hybrid clouds. The Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) hosts critical components of the global technology infrastructure, including Kubernetes, Prometheus, and Envoy. CNCF brings together the industry’s top developers, end users, and vendors, and runs the largest open source developer conferences in the world. Supported by more than 500 members, including the world’s largest cloud computing and software companies, as well as over 200 innovative startups, CNCF is part of the nonprofit Linux Foundation. For more information, please visit www.cncf.io

About the Linux Foundation

Founded in 2000, the Linux Foundation is supported by more than 1,000 members and is the world’s leading home for collaboration on open source software, open standards, open data, and open hardware. Linux Foundation’s projects are critical to the world’s infrastructure including Linux, Kubernetes, Node.js, and more. The Linux Foundation’s methodology focuses on leveraging best practices and addressing the needs of contributors, users and solution providers to create sustainable models for open collaboration. For more information, please visit us at linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see its trademark usage page: www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

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Attached – Preview of the Kubernetes Certification Exam Environment:

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