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How Project Lura is Improving APIs

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APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) provide exponential growth opportunities for what the web and its data and applications can do for us. Since APIs allow for sharing of data between applications, doors open to what is possible as the strengths of disparate systems are combined into a new one. 

While we live in an API-driven world, it can be difficult and burdensome to connect and maintain systems via an API. Reducing those barriers opens even more doors and lets people like me, who have more ideas than skills, try things out. Enter API gateways to help ease the burden. 

But not all API gateways are created equal. The Lura Project, formerly the KrakenD open source project, is a framework for building API gateways that goes beyond simple reverse proxy, functioning as a stateless, distributed, high-performance aggregator for many microservices. It is also a declarative tool (tell it what you need rather than how to do it) for creating endpoints. Albert Lombarte, the executive director of The Lura Project and the CEO of KrakenD, elaborates, “An API gateway framework is a tool that is between the clients, the consumers of an API, and the backend services, which actually have the data that the users want to consume. So an API gateway is a product that makes possible things like security, where rate-limiting, authorization, load balancing, all of that happens without needing to implement that in the backend part.”

KrakenD was created six years ago as a library for engineers to create fast and reliable API gateways and has since been in production among some of the world’s largest Internet businesses. In order to keep up with the demand from the community, in 2021 KrakenD decided to host the project at The Linux Foundation. Lombarte said, “By being hosted at the Linux Foundation, the Lura Project will extend the legacy of the KrakenD open source framework and be better poised to support its massive adoption among more than one million servers every month. The Foundation’s open governance model will accelerate development and community support for this amazing success.”

To learn more about the project, watch Albert’s interview with Swapnil Bhartiya of TFiR and go to the project’s website. Then, join the community. You can help create better tools so we can utilize APIs for even more than we can imagine today. 

The Future of Banking is Open

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This article is written by Kris Sharma, Financial Services Sector Lead, Canonical and originally appeared on the FINOS blog. 

The banking sector is facing rapid and irreversible changes across technology, customer behaviour, and regulation. While customers are demanding ever higher levels of service and value and regulations are impacting business models and economics, technology can be a potent enabler of both customer experience and effective operations.

The banking industry will look radically different in the near future as new banking models will bring a lot of product and service innovation. There is a new wave of digital-only banks across the globe challenging traditional banking players. The digital-only banks are tightening the competitive landscape and the competition would create the impetus for banks to do more with technology and provide better customer services. In this quickly shifting landscape, financial institutions of all shapes and sizes need to find every possible way to respond and compete. This is where technology and innovation matters – having an open and flexible technology architecture driving business agility.

Open source technologies and open innovation have the potential to level the playing field and accelerate the pace of digital business transformation enabling financial institutions to get products and services to market faster and help solve the challenges facing the financial services industry.

Open Source is Everywhere

A recent report by The Linux Foundation and The Lab for Innovation Science at Harvard highlights that open source constitutes 80% of any given piece of modern software. In the last few years, financial institutions have already been leveraging open source across a broad spectrum, from its use in back-end technologies to regulator mandated Open Banking in the UK and PSD2 in Europe. The massive compute landscape, data storage and processing capabilities of financial institutions, and the trading infrastructure is largely run on open source Linux platforms. By plugging-in open source technology solutions, financial institutions are able to free up valuable resources to focus efforts on integration and create business value.

Open Source Drives Innovation and Delivers Business Value

The real draw of open source in financial services is the ability to explore and innovate with new technologies, to easily scale the solutions that deliver real competitive advantage and to reduce the overall cost of managing vast IT infrastructures through the use of common, best-of-breed open source technologies.

Open source platforms can be likened to working or playing with building blocks because developers are uninhibited by design constraints – they are free to innovate and develop new business value and differentiation for enterprise applications. The flexibility and adaptability is unmatched by any proprietary platform.

Open source often provides the foundational technology, including languages, libraries, and database technologies that lays a rich foundation to quickly develop enterprise applications. Financial institutions can maintain cost-effectiveness while tapping into the expertise of the open-source user community.  Open source communities fuel the developer velocity and developers have a lot of access to tools through APIs and services.

Financial institutions are under pressure to increase business flexibility and the velocity of innovation with the same or fewer resources. Open source technologies are paving the way for financial services software development towards a future in which service offerings and applications can be rapidly constructed by assembling and integrating a wide variety of technical building blocks. By adding additional proprietary capabilities and functionality, banks can differentiate their offerings and drive consumer benefits.

FINOS and the Future of Open

The Fintech Open Source Foundation, which includes members and contributions from the financial services industry, develops open source software, standards and special interest groups whilst providing an independent setting to deliver solutions that address common banking challenges and drive innovation within the regulated industry.

Banks, fintechs and technology companies, at the forefront of the financial services industry and engineering in banking, are making long-term commitments to open source by collaborating within the foundation as FINOS members and uniting with a shared goal of “shaping the future of open source in financial services.”

Open source projects that have been contributed to FINOS by foundation member banks include Legend by Goldman Sachs, Morphir by Morgan Stanley, Perspective by JPMorgan Chase, and Waltz by Deutsche Bank. FINOS open source projects can be used directly from the FINOS GitHub Organisation and solve real world banking problems ranging from financial objects modeling through Legend to the mapping out internal banking systems through Waltz.

About the Author

Srikrishna ‘Kris’ Sharma is the Financial Services Sector Lead at Canonical. Over the last two decades, Kris has held various leadership positions at management consulting firms providing advisory services to Fortune 100 and FTSE 100 clients. As a trusted C-level advisor and Business- Technology Leader, Kris partners with organisations across industry sectors on open source and business transformation strategies and builds innovative solutions by leveraging open source. Kris focuses on creating strong ecosystem partnerships and sees himself as a change agent with a passion for transformation, open source product strategy and innovation.

The post The Future of Banking is Open appeared first on Linux Foundation.

What sysadmins need to know about systemd’s oneshot service type

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Use oneshot when you need to do some setup before triggering a workflow or have a series of sequential tasks.

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LFPH Completes the Proof-of-Concept of its GCCN Trust Registry Network

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This article originally appeared on the LF Public Health project’s blog. We republished it here to help spread the word about another impactful project made possible through open source. 

Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH) launched the Global COVID Certificate Network (GCCN) project in June 2021 to facilitate the safe and free movement of individuals globally during the COVID pandemic. After nine months of dedicated work, LFPH completed the proof-of-concept (POC) of the GCCN Trust Registry Network in partnership with Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering (Fraunhofer IAO), Symsoft Solutions and Finema in March 2022.

With the ambition to provide a complete suite of technology to address the many challenges for COVID certificates, such as interoperability, data security and privacy protection, LFPH began the GCCN project focusing on one of the challenges not being addressed—a global trust architecture that allows seamless integration of the disparate COVID credential types. At the time, many small and large centralized trust ecosystems that implemented different technical standards and policies, such as the EU Digital COVID Certificate, emerged and began to gain traction. However, without a platform that allows these ecosystems to discover and establish trust with each other, there wouldn’t be interoperability at the global level. The GCCN Trust Registry Network was created to solve exactly this problem.

“We started the GCCN work in response to COVID, but everything we do has a vision for solving the challenge of people needing multiple credentials and constant verifications. The GCCN Trust Registry Network makes possible a new, decentralized way of trust management, which helps revolutionize how identities are shared in a privacy-preserving way. At LFPH, we are dedicated to open source innovation for public health and patient identity. We look forward to working with our members, community and stakeholders to advance the GCCN work both in the US and internationally.” – Jim St.Clair, Executive Director of LFPH

Building on the open source TRAIN Trust Management Infrastructure funded by the European Self-Sovereign Identity Framework (ESSIF) Lab, the GCCN Trust Registry Network allows different COVID certificate ecosystems, which can be a political and economic union (e.g. the EU), a nation state (e.g. India), a jurisdiction (e.g. the State of California), an industry organization (e.g. ICAO) or a company (e.g. a COVID test administrator), to join and find each other on a multi-stakeholder network, and validate each other’s COVID certificate policies. This interaction is known as a discovery mechanism. Then based on the discovery, verifiers will decide whose certificates they accept and use the Trust Registry Network to build a customized trust list based on their entry rules and check the source of incoming certificates against their known list to determine if it’s from a trusted source. If the certificate is from a trusted source, the verifiers will be able to use the public key to decrypt and decode a COVID certificate. For more information about the technical mechanism behind the GCCN Trust Registry Network and how it works, please see our two recent articles, “How does a border control officer know if a COVID certificate is valid?” and “How does a border control officer know if a traveler meets entry rules?”.

The GCCN Trust Registry Network PoC is composed of two parts, onboarding to the Network and verification of COVID certificates using the Network. The PoC wouldn’t have been a success without the contributions of these partners and the ongoing support of the LFPH community. Fraunhofer IAO, the German research organization that developed the TRAIN Infrastructure, supported the effort throughout. Symsoft Solutions, a US-based enterprise web solutions provider, built the initial demo web application of the Network and web interface for the onboarding process of the POC. Savita Farooqui, the founder of Symsoft Solutions, has been co-leading the design and technical development of GCCN with LFPH staff. Finema, a Thai company specializing in decentralized identity solutions, developed the verifier app for the POC that demonstrates how a verifier can leverage the Network for verifications.

“By working with the LFPH team on the GCCN Trust Registry Network initiative, we had the opportunity to explore and extend the TRAIN Infrastructure for COVID certificate trust management. Prior to this work, TRAIN was already implemented for a variety of use cases such as IoT/Industry 4.0, verification of refugee educational documents. We believe that TRAIN will be able to provide lightweight solutions pertaining to trust management on a global scale for a wide range of public health scenarios. We are looking forward to working on the further developments of the GCCN Trust Registry Network based on the stakeholders’ needs for COVID and beyond.” – Isaac Henderson, Technical Architect, Fraunhofer IAO.

The GCCN Trust Registry Network provides a model for managing global, distributed trust registries/authorities. The Network enrolls trust registries/authorities as entries and supports the structure and meta-data for a variety of trust registries, along with a mechanism to access and update the entries using machine and human accessible formats. We worked with the LFPH team to define the meta-data and workflows for enrollment, and developed the demo application to validate these requirements and the POC interface to integrate with the TRAIN infrastructure. We look forward to continuing to work with LFPH and other partners to further develop the GCCN Trust Registry Network and create a reusable trust management solution for use cases beyond COVID. – Savita Farooqui, Founder, Symsoft Solutions

Finema’s solution plays a big part in the verification of different digital vaccine credentials for the Thailand Pass portal that has been a major factor in reopening Thailand’s borders and encouraging global travel. Through that work, we saw and experienced a clear need for a highly secure global trust network that promotes greater interconnectivity and interoperability between various COVID vaccination credentials from different nations, organizations and individuals throughout the world. Finema was happy to support the POC development of the GCCN Trust Registry Network through our solutions, and we look forward to building further on this work for border reopening and other use cases.  – Pakorn Leesakul, CEO, Finema Co. Ltd.

LFPH will host two webinars about the POC: on May 10, 2022 at 8 am ET / 2 pm CEST, and May 11, 2022 at 7 pm PT / (+1d) 10 am HKT, to have a live demo and Q&A session.

In the meantime, if you have any questions about the GCCN Trust Registry Network and the POC, please email the LFPH team at info@lfph.io.

The post LFPH Completes the Proof-of-Concept of its GCCN Trust Registry Network appeared first on Linux Foundation.

How to configure key-based authentication for SSH

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Use this advice when you want to avoid manually entering passwords in automated processes by using key-based authentication.

Read More at Enable Sysadmin

How to configure key-based authentication for SSH

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Use this advice when you want to avoid manually entering passwords in automated processes by using key-based authentication.

Read More at Enable Sysadmin

LF Research: One Year Recap and Imagining the Future

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Jason Perlow
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celebrating one year of LF research

When I started at The Linux Foundation (LF) a few weeks ago, our research was one of the first things I dug into as I absorbed and learned what all the LF does to advance open source. Plus, since I started, it seems like the LF Research team has published a new report every few days. What a wealth of information!

So, imagine my surprise when I learned that LF Research has just been around for one year. April 15th marked their one year birthday – and they have set the bar high in their first year. 

But are they making a difference? I know my inclination, especially having spent time working in government, is that research reports get published and then sit on virtual shelves, never to be seen again. But LF Research uses the open source model of bringing people together to solve problems and to share the solutions widely. They engage LF members and the community, across the ecosystem, to answer the question, what are the tools we can create, together, for shared value. And, importantly, their reports focus on action items.

Over the past twelve months, LF Research has published 12 reports across a variety of topics and industry verticals. Each of them are presented below. Take time to look at their work, dig in deeper on topics that interest you, and then go, make a difference. 

And  stay tuned for more impactful research in 2022 on topics such as cybersecurity insights in the developer process, mentorship, a guide to enterprise open source, an updated state of the open source program office, a new jobs report, and much, much more.

The Carbon Footprint of NFTs – NFTs are simultaneously overhyped and met with both skepticism and a general lack of understanding on what they are and how they work. Serious concerns have also been raised over energy-intensive proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanisms. The report, just released last week, studies the concern that energy-intensive PoW consensus mechanisms for NFTs have a significant impact on the climate. The report details the changes taking place in the blockchain industry to address this issue, and describes howNFTs can have varying carbon footprints depending on their underlying technology stacks. Read it to learn how we can make a difference now.

AI and Data in Open Source – The report reviews critical challenges in the open source AI ecosystem, such as the talent shortage, the trust gap for AI-enabled products, implementing and verifying trusted and responsible AI systems and processes, and more. But, with challenges are opportunities – opportunities that could change the world. Imagine how marrying AI with edge computing enhances performance and real-time decision making, or how CDLA licenses enable wider sharing and use of open data and the innovation that sparks in AI and machine learning models. The report also reviews how the LF AI & Data Foundation is empowering innovators and accelerating open source development. Read the full report and get excited!

Paving the Way to Battle Climate Change: How Two Utilities Embraced Open Source to Speed Modernization of the Electric Grid – New technology has to be easy to use and workable to be adopted widely enough to make a difference – this holds true in electricity production. As the energy sector innovates to do its part to arrest climate change, it must find solutions to ease the adoption of new energy sources. As the electricity infrastructure modernizes, electricity is provided into the grid from a variety of sources – homes, business, wind and solar farms, etc. – rather than just from the local power plant. It goes from TSOs (main power lines) to DSOs (the “last mile” so to speak). Netherlands’ Alliander, a DSO, and France’s RTE, a TSO, contributed to three LF Energy projects (SEAPATH, CoMPAS, and OpenSTEF) so their electrical substations will become more modular, interoperable, and scalable. This report digs into the case studies to show how working together via open source enables them to develop more software solutions up to ten times faster than working on their own proprietary solutions.

Open Source in Entertainment: How the Academy Software Foundation Creates Shared Value – Truth be told, when I try to explain open source software and what we foster at the LF among my friends and family, I use the Academy Software Foundation as an example. I mean, let’s be honest, movies are way more interesting and relatable than software supply chains or licensing. The ASWF also serves as a stellar example of why companies would want to join forces and collaborate on a common software solution – let’s share resources to make the foundational tools together and then innovate on top of that on our own. We can all grow together by raising the foundation we start at. This report is a story about industry competitors, who, by working together, have shared and developed the technologies used to create mesmerizing visual effects for professional studios and filmmaking enthusiasts alike. It should spark open source innovation in other industries too (see FINOS below). 

Census II of Free and Open Source Software – Application Libraries – There are more software vulnerabilities out there than there are resources available to fix them, so knowing which ones are more widely utilized and which ones are used in more critical instances allows for better resource prioritization. Makes sense, right? This report builds on the Census I report, which focused on the lower level critical operating system libraries and utilities. It utilizes data from partner Software Composition Analysis (SCA) companies including Synk, the Synopsys Cybersecurity Research Center (CyRC), and FOSSA.  They looked at over half a million observations of Free and Open Source Software libraries used in production applications at thousands of companies.  See the data and read the report written by and see the data here. 

The Evolution of the Open Source Program Office – The TODO Group is an LF project community to help organizations run successful and effective open source program offices or similar open source initiatives. This report was produced in partnership with them to provide rich insight, direction, and tools to implement an OSPO or an open source initiative with corporate, academic, or public sector environments. It also has case studies from Bloomberg, Comcast, and Porsche – the last of which was especially cool for the car geek in me. Check it out here. 

The State of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and Cybersecurity Readiness – An SBOM is a formal and machine-readable metadata that uniquely identifies a software package and its contents. It allows organizations to quickly and accurately determine which software applications and libraries are used and where so they can effectively address vulnerabilities. The report offers fresh insight into the state of SBOM readiness and helps organizations looking to better understand SBOMs as an important tool in securing software supply chains. They need to be adopted now – so go read the report.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Open Source – Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the technology industry — and within open source specifically—is an opportunity we need to continuously leverage for the benefits it brings. In addition to the survey findings on the state of DEI, this research explores a number of DEI initiatives and their efficacy and recommends action items for the entire stakeholder ecosystem to further their efforts and build inclusion by design. Access the report here.

Data and Storage Trends Report – The SODA Foundation is an open source project under the Linux Foundation that fosters an ecosystem of open source data management and storage software for data autonomy. The report is based on a survey in English, Chinese, and Japanese-speaking markets to identify the current challenges, gaps, and trends for data and storage in the era of Cloud Native, edge, AI, and 5G. The intention is to use this survey data to help guide the SODA Foundation and its surrounding ecosystem on important issues and help its members be better equipped to make decisions, improve their products, and the SODA Foundation to establish new technical directions.

The State of Open Source in Financial Services Report – While the financial services industry has been a long-time consumer of open source software, contributing to software and standards development has not been at the core of their business models and tech strategies. This report creates a baseline of their current activities, highlights obstacles and challenges to improving industry-wide collaboration, and lays out a set of actionable insights for improving the state of open source in financial services. You can read the report here. 

9th Annual Open Source Jobs Report – ​​ The LF partnered with edX to shed light on the changes and challenges in the global open source jobs market. Employers can use its actionable insights to inform their hiring, training, and diversity awareness efforts. It also gives professionals clear, unbiased insights on which skills are most marketable and how reskilling and certifications benefit job seekers. Dig in here. 

Hyperledger Brand Study – The study explores the state of the enterprise blockchain market and the Hyperledger brand. It looks at whether enterprises have or are considering adopting blockchain, which solutions they are familiar with, what are desirable attributes of solutions, what problems they are addressing with blockchain technology, and much, much more. You can read the results and access the underlying data here. 

The post LF Research: One Year Recap and Imagining the Future appeared first on Linux Foundation.

How to set up OAuth2 in the Mutt email client

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Configure Mutt to use your OAuth2 credentials to send and receive Gmail from the command line.

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How to switch between the CLI and GUI on a Linux server

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Learn how to change between the command-line interface and the graphical user interface by editing the boot target.

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Fixing QEMU Memory Leaks with Valgrind

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The task of locating memory leaks within

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